Testing an idea/hypothesis - If you are testing a known solution/idea/hypothesis, then you can use qualitative methods or quantitative methods that will allow you to more precisely (numerically) represent the results and compare differences (i.e., between teaching methods; before and after)

Ex: Does lecture or cooperative learning yield deeper understanding of primary concepts?

Quantitative methods like:

• Scales (tests) of understanding yielding “number correct”
• Scales/surveys of perceived understanding
• Experiments using above scales directly comparing the two methods

Qualitative methods such as:

• Case studies of two classes (like an experiment but only one class in each “experimental” condition)
• Direct observations
• Interviews
• Focus groups
• action research